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HCS-Manguinhos (v.21, n.3, jul.-set. 2014) Photo: Vasco da Gama Aquarium, Lisbon, Portugal.<\/p><\/div>\n
This issue starts with an article about the German scientist\u00a0Hermann von Ihering<\/a>, who arrived in Brazil in 1880. It\u00a0covers his theories on land bridges, which would connect South America and Africa. The authors emphasize the social and scientific networks built by Von Ihering, who published a book about the history of the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.<\/p>\n The article about the writings of\u00a0Robert FitzRoy<\/a>\u00a0shows\u00a0impressions of the HMS Beagle commander about the Brazilian cities he visited between 1828 and 1839, such as Rio de Janeiro e Salvador. These reports, far less known than those of \u00a0Charles Darwin, who traveled in the same vessel, show enthusiasm for tropical landscapes and criticize its inhabitants, described by Fitz Roy as inefficient and culturally backward.<\/p>\n The text\u00a0The Kraken: when myth encounter science<\/a>\u00a0talks about the figure of the Kraken, \u00a0described as a sea monster in a manuscript of 1180, written by Brazilian researchers working in Germany and the Netherlands. With more than 18 meters, the creature haunted North European sailors and was later identified as giant squid. The paper investigates the role that the\u00a0Architeuthis \u00a0(the scientific name of this animal)\u00a0still plays in mythology and science.<\/p>\n The article,\u00a0The astrolab, the sea and the empire<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>analyzes writings by Portuguese cosmographers between the 16th and 18th centuries to demonstrate the technical and scientific bases which allowed European maritime expansion. Another paper is about the constitution of\u00a0aquariums\u00a0<\/a>over time, focusing on the educational role these places have played in recent years.<\/p>\n This issue also features two articles on marine studies in a Portuguese context. The first deals with\u00a0institutions and research about the sea<\/a>\u00a0in Portugal in the 20th century. The other addresses the\u00a0oceanographic practice and the iconographic collection of King Dom Carlos I<\/a>. In this issue, there are also essays discussing different topics, such as the study of the\u00a0Argentine marine fauna between 1890 and 1930<\/a>;\u00a0an article about the\u00a0American geologist John Casper Branner<\/a>\u00a0on the northeastern Brazilian coast, the Oceanographic Institute of the\u00a0S\u00e3o Paulo University;<\/a>\u00a0and a study on Brazilian marine biodiversity.<\/p>\n The Images section discusses the role of\u00a0underwater photography<\/a>\u00a0in the research on marine life. The essay describes the experience of North Americans and Europeans, particularly the experiences undertaken by biologists Boutan Louis and Jacob Reighard in a study conducted between 1890 and 1910. The Sources section discusses the research of the biologist\u00a0Jos\u00e9phine Schouteden- W\u00e9ry\u00a0<\/a>on the Belgian coast. Several times in Congo, she did field work and played a prominent role in the Union des Femmes Coloniales.<\/p>\n Read in HCS-Manguinhos:<\/p>\n Water and global health<\/a>\u00a0In the 1980s, the UN implemented two large projects to guarantee sanitation and clean water for the population. This article by Christian McMillen, Professor of the Department of History at the University of Virginia, examines both programs.<\/p>\n Deep waters<\/a>\u00a0To celebrate World Water Day, we selected articles about seas, oceans, and rivers as subjects of history.<\/p>\n Basic sciences for sustainable development<\/a>\u00a0Luc Allemand, secretary general of the IYBSSD 2022: \u201cWhere clean water is guaranteed at the tap, you can thank chemists and microbiologists.\u201d<\/p>\n The study of the sea in Portugal<\/a>\u00a0addresses the institutionalization of marine biology in Portugal at the beginning of the 20th century, which included the creation of scientific research institutes and public aquariums.<\/p>\n A review of environmental historiography on Brazil<\/a>\u00a0This overview of books on Brazilian environmental history includes topics such as forests, agriculture, biodiversity, urban dynamics, and environmentalism.<\/p>\n Investigar en tiempos de pandemia: archivos digitales para la historia de la agricultura y el medioambiente<\/a>\u00a0\u201cEn vez de ver la investigaci\u00f3n digital como una alternativa inferior a la investigaci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica tradicional \u2014 algo para hacer \u2018mientras tanto\u2019\u2014 debemos verla como una oportunidad para explorar nuevos tipos de proyectos.\u201d Stuart McCook, profesor de historia en la Universidad de Guelph, presenta algunas colecciones digitales sobre temas que van desde la historia del cultivo del cafe y de la cana de az\u00facar hasta la biodiversidad a nivel mundial.<\/p>\n The politics of climate change<\/a>\u00a0examines the political dimension of processes of climate knowledge production.<\/p>\n