{"id":14699,"date":"2023-01-18T09:13:19","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T12:13:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/?p=14699"},"modified":"2023-01-18T09:47:45","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T12:47:45","slug":"14699-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/14699-2\/","title":{"rendered":"A new order in the working environment for Spanish pharmacies"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jan 2023<\/p>\n

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Central Pharmacy of A. L\u00f3pez-G\u00f3mez, 1900-1920, Spain. Source: San Pedro, Abraham (coord.) Las farmacias. Im\u00e1genes de nuestra memoria. Madrid: Turner\/Grupo Cofares, 2008.<\/p><\/div>\n

Until well into the 20th century, the working conditions of pharmacy assistants – often overworked internal workers – were extremely hard. Working days with practically no rest, miserable wages and housing, and a paternal-filial servility between employer and worker\u00a0which\u00a0ensured the status quo between classes. The introduction of the eight-hour workday in Spanish pharmacy offices in 1919 was the beginning of a new labour order that pharmacists and pharmacy assistants did not accept in the same way.<\/p>\n

The article\u00a0The implementation of the eight-hour working day in Spanish pharmacies, 1904-1936<\/a>\u00a0Dr. Ra\u00fal Rodr\u00edguez Nozal, Professor of History of Science at the University of Alcal\u00e1 (Spain), has studied the introduction of the eight-hour working day in Spanish pharmacies, which took place in 1919, as well as the legislative background that led to it: the Sunday Rest Act of 1904 and the Regulatory law for shop assistants (1918).<\/p>\n

These health establishments were exempted from the Sunday Rest Act and, although they were included in the Regulatory law for shop assistants, they were exempted from strict compliance with it as long as they worked sixty hours a week. The Royal Decree that established the eight-hour working day in Spain (48 hours per week) was published a few months after the Regulatory law for shop assistants, with hardly any time for its implementation.<\/p>\n

This circumstance was exploited by pharmacists and auxiliary pharmacists, who always interpreted these legal provisions to their advantage. As with the law for shop assistants, pharmacies were also exempted from the eight-hour working day, at least partially; internal pharmacy assistants had to work the ten hours established by the commercial working day, instead of the eight hours established for external workers.<\/p>\n

This legislative study, based on the regulations contained in the Gaceta de Madrid (a periodical that published legal provisions in Spain prior to Franco’s regime), is complemented with the point of view of the professional groups directly involved in this new labour order: pharmacists and pharmacy assistants, i.e., employers and workers. For this purpose, we have resorted to the most important national professional press in Spain, always looking for different points of view and conflicting positions. On the one hand, newspapers such as La Farmacia Espa\u00f1ola, La Farmacia Moderna or El Restaurador Farmac\u00e9utico, which represented the interests of the employers (the owners of pharmacy offices) and, on the other hand, periodicals such as El Auxiliar de Farmacia or El Auxiliar del Farmac\u00e9utico, which reflected the opinions of the workers.<\/div>\n
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Nozal RR. La implantaci\u00f3n de la jornada laboral de ocho horas en las farmacias espa\u00f1olas, 1904-1936<\/a>. Hist cienc saude-Manguinhos [Internet]. 2022 Oct;29 (Hist. cienc. saude-Manguinhos, 2022 29(4). Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0104-59702022000400006<\/div>\n
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Until well into the 20th century, the working conditions of pharmacy assistants – often overworked internal workers – were extremely hard. This article explores the introduction of the eight-hour working day in Spanish pharmacies in 1919, as well as the legislative background that led to it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":14700,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[1922,822],"class_list":["post-14699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-highlights","tag-pharmacy","tag-spain"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14699"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14704,"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14699\/revisions\/14704"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14700"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}